WONDER

I had stopped to gather my bearings, when I heard the horses; their call carried upon the back of the wind, coming from far away, somewhere

way,

way,

way 

out there.  I had spent a long time trying to find these legendary creatures. People had exchanged stories about them, tried to capture their ethereal beauty via paint on canvas and had even written songs and poems celebrating their unique qualities. I wanted to see this horse, so, I set out on a journey, which had taken already many days. And now, I felt closer to reaching my goal, than ever before on this trip. A shrill neigh suddenly ricocheted off of the canyon wall, bouncing along the rocks. The shadow of the mountain, cast the surrounding valley in darkness. As I made my way along the rock wall, searching and feeling for an opening, my diligence paid off when I discovered the cave entrance. Suddenly, I heard the sound of horses again, closer this time. The calls seemed to be coming from inside the cave. As I walked in, the hot air swirled around me, like a cyclone, driving sand along my face, while a very faint whisper, in Arabic, enveloped me with peace, conveying that there was nothing to fear. "Hello, anyone here?" I called. "Hello?" No one answered. "That's funny, I thought I just heard someone." As I walked further into the cave, I saw movement to my right, and as I turned my head, I saw  white horses seemingly coming out of the rocks and galloping along the wall. "Huh? What trickery is this?" The horses stopped in the middle of the wall, tossing their heads with impatience, letting me know that I was moving too slowly through the cave. YOU NEED TO KEEP MOVING!!! It seemed like they were guiding me, pushing me this way and that way, herding me towards the discovery of their oasis, to tell me their story, the real story of how it all began....

The Al-Marah Arabian Horse Galleries have opened at the Kentucky Horse Park. I had the opportunity to visit this very significant museum for the Arabian Horse on Friday. It is difficult to say which part of the gallery I enjoyed more, as there is so much to see, to hear, to feel...to experience. The charisma of the Arabian Horse oozes out of every corner, out of every booth, wall hanging, painting and sculpture. The galleries convey how the culture from which the horse emerged, created a horse which is extremely people-oriented and loving. I like that part most of all and think it to be a strong statement about the character of Bedouin people, to have selectively bred a horse who loves people so much. No doubt about it, the Middle East has given the world a great gift in the horse we call Arabian. As I walked through the gallery, the Arabian Horse was presented from the earliest beginnings of civilization, right through to our foundation horses and breeders, always underscoring the versatility of the Arabian Horse, which has helped to make them the stars of movies and books like the Black Stallion experience. To be enveloped by the essence of everything Arabian, swirling around you, filling your senses, how can anyone who loves Arabian Horses desire more than that? I encourage anyone who is even possibly, the tiniest bit interested in learning about the Arabian Horse, to visit. Perhaps, you will make the greatest discovery of your lifetime, in the least likely of places to find a desert creature, somewhere in the lush ocean of bluegrass called Kentucky.

EnJoy,
Ralph

A Red Ballerina

Alaa El Din was a chestnut son of Nazeer, foaled in 1956, out of the Shaloul daughter, Kateefa. To develop a complete understanding of a foundation Egyptian Arabian Horse like Alaa el Din, will require that we pay careful attention to the words used by the people who knew the horse, when he was alive. The late Marshall Partlow visited the EAO and wrote about his visit, which included Alaa el Din, in the article titled "A Trip To El Zahraa":

"Then, the horse of my dreams. Could such a horse exist? His dark chestnut coat, gleaming in the sun, gave off a purple cast. Moving like a ballerina, his extreme long neck bowed, tail high and arched like a banner. He stopped, posed like the royally bred king he was. Majestic, proud and elegant he stood. This was the fantastic ALAA EL DIN. To see this stallion would have made my trip worthwhile even if I had not seen any other horses."

Ballerina, you might ask?

General Pettko Von Szandtner, a former cavalry officer, liked the young colt so much, that he had selected Alaa El Din as a future sire (he started his breeding career in 1961) for the EAO breeding program. In a letter to Richard Pritzlaff, the General explained:

"I had to put the two-and-a-half-year-old chestnut stud foal, candidate as a leading stallion, into the stallion barn and work him because he was too strong toward his comrades and often broke out of the paddock."

In Egypt, Alaa El Din was a successful race horse and a sire of race winners. Alaa el Din ran a total of 6 races, winning 1 race, placing 2nd in another, 3rd in only 1 race and placing 4th in the balance of races. The following picture was taken of Alaa El Din, the fit race-horse, at 7 years old. His sons *Farazdac (x Farasha) won 3 races out of 16 and Kased Kheir (x Sherifa) won 3 races out of 8. His daughter, Fayrooz (x Mouna) raced 5 times, winning 1 of those races. *Farazdac's full brother, *Faleh (a Legion of Merit winner, winning two National Championships in Native Costume and participating in a 100 mile endurance race), sired the extremely successful racehorse: Asjah Ibn Faleh (x*Dawlat), an IAHA Racing Colt of the Year(1977) and Race Horse of the Year (1980), in addition to wins in the show ring in English Pleasure, Native Costume and Halter. Asjah Ibn Faleh raced a total of 30 races, winning almost half of these, including the 1977 IAHA Derby. He, in turn also sired race horses, Asjahs Black Jewel and Asjahs Dominion, both out of the Ansata Halima Son daughter, Ansata Jumana. In Germany, the Alaa El Din sons: Sarwat and Sawlagan were talented, athletic horses, participating in demanding, athletic competitions at an age when most horses have been retired and no longer ridden. Alaa El Din was so successful in passing his athletic ability to his children, that the breeders in Poland expressed a very strong desire in purchasing him, for use in their breeding program.
Hansi Heck-Melnyk, of the world famous Serenity Farm in Citra, Florida remembers:

"I saw Alaa El Din in the flesh. Alaa El din was NOT narrow chested. He was a rectangular horse, well proportioned all over. He was also, what I call, a typical 'Kuhaylan'Ajuz Rodan.' I saw him walking towards me and away from me, led by his groom, and that quite correctly. I liked the horse. The horse then was aged already, and had gone, as all others,through rough times in the late sixties on forward.I have never given that much credit in production to him, but rather to the mares and their female tail lines, he bred to create his offspring."

Hans Joachim Nagel, founder of the legendary stud farm bearing the name of Katharinenhof, authored a landmark book titled Hanan: The Story of an Arabian Mare and of the Arabian Breed. Within this book, Dr. Nagel shares much with the reader, that is, the impact that Alaa El Din has had on his vision of the ideal Arabian Horse and the breeding program founded primarily with the Alaa El Din daughter, Hanan:

"Kateefa herself, when bred to Nazeer, produced a real gem: Alaa El Din. He was Dr. Ameen Zaher's favorite. This stallion, who could sire mares with the loveliest and gentlest of faces, was a highly elegant liver chestnut with no white markings except a stripe. His smal dry head with round, black medium sized eyes and small ears made him look typey and expressive. A finely curved neck of medium length, good withers, a slightly too long back and firm, broad croup combined to form a harmonious whole that stood on fine but correct legs."

Celebrated author, historian, researcher and founder of Ansata Arabian Stud, Judith Forbis, shares her impression of Alaa El Din in Authentic Arabian Bloodstock II:

"A tall horse at maturity, very elegant and refined, beautiful head but not large enough eyes, which he tended to transmit. Good length of neck and well shaped. He was well-balanced but tied in at the elbows, narrow in front, had rather small but good dark hooves."

In the 1980's, the Director of the EAO was Dr. Ibrahim Zaghloul. In an interview with Arabian Horse World, he was asked to name which mares, living or dead, had the strongest influence on the EAO breeding program? In his answer, Dr. Zaghloul named 5 mares, one of which was the Alaa El Din daughter, Safinaz (x Ramza):

"A chestnut mare foaled on February 1, 1970, has one of the prettiest heads you'll ever see along with all the other qualities that make you take a second look. She is extremely elegant with a chiseled, tapered face and a teacup muzzle. She is one of the noblest mares in the herd, with the dry, typey, look of the true Bedouin mare."

Dr. Zaghloul caught my attention when he named an Alaa El Din daughter influential, as influential as our perennial QUEEN OF EGYPT, Moniet el Nefous. I believe that Alaa El Din has been more significant as a sire through the female side of the pedigree. I have observed personally more of an impact through his daughters, rather than through his sons. This observation led me to pay attention to the female side of Alaa El Din's pedigree, namely, the mare Kateefa. One of the most powerful families in Egyptian breeding (as well as in Crabbet breeding, from where the family originates) has been the Kuhaylan Rodan family. Is the siring influence of Alaa El Din the continued influence of the Kuhaylan Rodan family, as brought forward through Kateefa? Would you agree? Kateefa was a daughter of Bint Rissala (Ibn Yashmak x Risala). Through her tail female line, Kateefa traces through Ridaa to Rose of Sharon, a Rodania daughter. In looking through Dr. Nagel's Hanan book (pages 224-225) he presents a very interesting photo study of not only Kateefa but her dam Bint Rissala and Risala (the dam of Bint Risala), as well as Ridaa (the dam of Risala) and Rose of Sharon (the dam of Ridaa). It is a fascinating study, photographically. Dr. Nagel also presents a very thoughtful observation and I would like to submit the following quotation for your consideration:

"The Rodania family was highly appreciated by Lady Anne Blunt and her daughter, Lady Wentworth. White markings and good necks frequently appears but also some heavy heads with straight profiles and high withers. In addition a long back and a short croup are a recurring feature. In spite of these characteristics this family developed to be of high breeding value in different ways; bred to the right sires, the Rodania family produced horses with both type and beauty, plus racing power and athletic ability."

Oliver Wibihal, Egyptian Arabian Horse enthusiast, publisher and founder of straightegyptians.com had the following perspective on Alaa El Din's influence:

It is true that Alaa El Din's daughters gained more influence than his sons. In Egypt, Germany and in the US, many of his daughters founded their own dynasty. The full sisters Mahiba and Moneera (Alaa El Din x Mouna/Mona by Nazeer) were very influential in Europe and horses like Maysoun, Sherif Pasha (the first SE World Champion) and Ibn El Moniet come from this line.

Dr. Nagel refers to the Alaa El Din daughters as "the most beautiful flowers" of Egyptian Arabian Horse breeding. Have you walked among this garden and smelled the flowers? Are you familiar with their bright colors? Do you know the daughters of Alaa El Din?

Set Abouhom (*Noha)
Aziza (Galila)
*Hoda (Fathia)
Madeeha (Rahma)
Hodhoda (Ithad)
Basima (Sherifa)
*Magidaa (Maysa)
Fayrooz (Mouna)
Rawayeh (Rahma)
Manar (Moniet El Nefous)
Manaya (Moniet El Nefous)
Mahiba (Mouna)
*Omnia (Ameena)
Lotfeia(Kamla)
Hanan (Mona)
Om El Arab (Tifla)
*Shiaa (*Berlanty)
Hanadi (Rahma)
Moneera (Mouna)
Nazeema (Bint Kamla)
Sabrah (El Ameera)
*Bint Alaa El Din (*Serenity Sabra)
*Ramses Amal (Manal)
Alifa (Zebeda)
*Daad (Enayat)
Mahlaha (Mouna)
Reem (Farfoura)
Safinaz (Ramza)
*Hegrah (Hagir)
AK Karama (Tanta)
Rabab (Horeja)
Hend (Maysoura)

While Alaa El Din remains a critically important horse in Egyptian Arabian Horse breeding, we must never forget the inspirational and encouraging power that these horses have on people's lives.

Why I love M & M's

While John Travolta danced the night away in movie screens all over the world and everyone was infected with Saturday Night Fever; a beautiful and potentially significant mare named Madinah (Ibn Galal x Mona II) was born, bred by the Tauschkes of El Thayeba. Bred to the stallion Messaoud, Madinah produced the mare, Mesoudah M in 1985, a full sister to Imperial Madheen. Bred to Ansata Sinan, Mesoudah M produced *Mishaal HP in 1996. It always amazes me when I consider the length of time that it takes for a program to produce an extraordinary horse. In the case of *Mishaal, it was 18 years, which is a testament to the perseverance and dedication of the breeders behind all the horses who are part of the ancestry of this marvelous horse! Shown once, at the prestigious German stallion show, *Mishaal was rated platinum, which is the highest rating that a horse can earn.

"The judges characterized him as the stallion with the most exceptional head and Arabian type. "-Nancy C. Ryan, from her article, Mishaal HP: Shaping a New Generation, published in Arabian Horse World

Having loved and admired the German-born stallions, *Orashan and Imperial Madheen, I was excited over the presence of Messaoud in the pedigree of *Mishaal HP. A Madkour (*Morafic x Maisa) son, out of the Hadban Enzahi daughter, Maymoonah; in his tail female line, Messaoud traces to Halima, the dam of *Ansata Ibn Halima and a Farida grand-daughter. I loved Messaoud and I always believed he was phenotypically, a magnificent living representation of the classic Dahman Shawan stallion. When you look at the silhouette of Messaoud (and unfortunately, he is no longer alive, having died in 2007), it would be difficult to not notice the strength of his body, particularly the area of his hip, hindquarter and croup. He was powerfully smooth in this area, of rounded lines and I believe this is an attribute that comes from Farida. He is balanced, harmonious and while an elegant horse, he has much substance. So, in looking at these *Mishaal fillies at Thornewood farm and noticing the same qualities evident in Messaoud's physique, I wondered, "Is the Farida blood still so powerful, that she is making a very visible impact through *Mishaal? Farida appears in Mishaal HP's pedigree 3 times: through *Ansata Ibn Halima and twice through Malikah.

While *Mishaal's pedigree is predominantly a blend of the Saqlawi and Dahman lines (with more than a few Hadban sprinkles here and there), I am reminded of Walter Schimanski's philosophy in breeding elegant Dahman horses,

"incorporating the Saqlawi type brings length back to neck and leg, which can be lost with intense use of Dahman and Kuhaylan strain types. It also yields finer bone structure and produces flatter and less prominent muscling. Too much Saqlawi can produce a long back and ears. Dahman type brings back an overall balance and harmony, including more dished heads and larger eyes, and shorter backs, but also has the tendency to produce shorter necks and legs, heavier muscling, and more bone."-Walter Schimanski

One of the most celebrated and greatly admired mares of all time, Moniet el Nefous, appears 10 times, through her Sid Abouhom daughters Mabrouka and Mouna, and through her son by *Morafic, *Ibn Moniet el Nefous. Perhaps the elegance and refinement that we see in *Mishaal HP, this ethereal quality, comes from the influence of Moniet and underscores the importance of Walter's advice. On both sides of the pedigree, male and female, the presence of this mare is only overshadowed by the presence of Nazeer. I lost count of the number of times that Nazeer appears. more than 16 times!

Mishaal HP has sired a number of lovely horses and has crossed very well with Thee Desperado, as he was purchased by Arabians Ltd., to use specifically as an outcross stallion. One of my favorite *Mishaal-sired horses is the 2005 mare Saniyyah RCA, out of the Thee Desperado daughter, My Shooting Star. She is now owned by Ariela Arabians in Israel, who showed her to her win as the Israeli National Champion filly. This filly traces to Faarecho (Sirecho x Faara) in her tail female line. Saniyyah represents a very unique blend of Egyptian bloodlines, which when combined, emphasizes the benefits that I believe Thee Desperado offers straight Egyptian breeders. I am grateful that the Arabians Ltd. search for an outcross stallion, led them to Mr. Horst Preuss and the fabulous *Mishaal HP.

May the horse continue to inspire you,
Ralph

PS I really like the Stuart Vesty photo of *Mishaal HP, it is my favorite photo of this stallion.

Javera Thadrian

This is the late Kuhaylan Haifi Davenport Arabian stallion, Javera Thadrian. He was sired by the Lysander son, Thane and out of HB Dianora, an Ibn Alamein grand-daughter. Remember Alice Martin's famous Arabian Dressage horse, the alabaster white Sir? Lysander was his son.

He is not a straight Egyptian Arabian Horse.

Javera Thadrian is an Asil Arabian horse, which means that in every line of his pedigree, Javera Thadrian can be traced to horses bred by the Bedouin. Who are the Bedouin, you ask? Well, the Bedouins (Shammar, Anazeh, Ruala...) are to desert Arabia, what the native Americans (Sioux, Navajo, Lenape...) are to America.

Authentic.

Pure.

Genuine.

The Real Deal.

Javera Thadrian carries the designation "Davenport" which means that he descends from ancestors who trace back to the 20-something horses that were imported into America, in the early 1900's, by Homer Davenport.

I need to say it again, in case you missed it the first time.

Javera Thadrian is not a straight Egyptian Arabian Horse.

He is an Al Khamsa and Asil Club recognized horse but he is not a Pyramid Society designated straight Egyptian Arabian Horse.

I prefer horses who are comprised of rounder, curvey, circular lines. I prefer horses who are more substantial and who are harmonious in their build. That is very important for me. I prefer smoothness of body and search for it constantly. I like shorter-backed horses with strong top lines. I like horses who are deep through the heart girth with a well sprung rib cage. I like muscled hind quarters with elastic hocks. I like well muscled forearms, which are longer in length than the cannons. I like to see a little more length in the neck, with the neck set higher on the chest, connected by a noticeable wither. I like a powerful shoulder, at an angle which allows the horse to move with great freedom. I like to see a nice length of poll. I prefer a large sized jowl, on each side of a very short, very wide head. I like large, black eyes with no white in them, set lower on the head. I like elastic large nostrils and short, sharp tippy ears. And did I mention that I like a higher tail carriage?

I find all of this in this most wonderful horse and never tire of looking at his picture, even with the stains all over his body that he got from rolling in the dirt. He is my classic Arabian horse, made real, of flesh and bone.

In Davenport bloodlines, the horses belong to one of four families, through the tail-female line of the pedigree: Kuhaylan Haifi, Kuhaylan Kurush, Hadban and Schilla. Javera Thadrian is from the core Kuhaylan Haifi group, which means that in his ancestry, he traces only to the following mares: Dharebah, Dharanah, Dhanad, Dhalana blended with the stallion Tripoli (Hanad x Poka). Tripoli, incidentally, was the sire of Sir. It is very amazing to look at his pedigree and see 2 horses, Dhareb x Antarah, repeat over and over and over.

There will come a time, when it will become more important to breed for Asil, than it will be to breed for Egyptian. More people are becoming aware that our Egyptian gene pool is becoming smaller, with less choices. Abbas Pasha, Ali Pasha Sherif, Lady Anne Blunt, the RAS, Prince Kemal el Dine were all pioneer breeders of Egyptian horses who didn't even think twice about using Bedouin-bred horses in their early Egyptian programs. In the face of the genetic diseases that we are all aware of and how closely related our horses have become, maybe, we are closer to the day when COMBINED SOURCE breeding will not only become more accepted, it will become a necessity, in order for the horse to survive with sound mind, sound body and sound spirit. Unfortunately, it will come too late to use a horse as inspiring as Javera Thadrian but the reality of Davenport Arabian Horse breeding is that Javera Thadrian was not the exception....there are many more like him. Many more. Please visit the Davenport Arabian Horse Conservancy to learn more about these wonderful horses.

EnJoy your horses,

Ralph

PS Congratulations to Edouard Al-Dahdah on the birth of Wadha, one of Javera Thadrian's last born daughters, out of the Craver Farm mare, Wisteria.

PR Desert Rose+

The beautiful, correct and very modern straight Egyptian mare, PR Desert Rose+ is a daughter of Thee Desperado, out of the Moniet el Sharaf daughter, AK Nadara (out of Refkys Juhl).

“He favored the Zobeyni look, of strong powerful hindquarters, bodies of deep girth, good long hips, wide through the chest, coupled with fine, flat bone, beautiful swan-like necks, all in flowing lines of symmetry and heads of classic Egyptian type.”-Mari Silveus, from her article, The Hallany Mistanny Story

PR Desert Rose+ was recently purchased by Mr. Burhan Bakeer of the Safari Stud in Kuwait. At the Kuwait National Championships, this mare earned 4th place in the 11 year and older mare class. Her grand-dam, Refkys Juhl is a daughter of the *Morafic son, Refky and Julyana, a daughter of the stallion Julyan (Julep x Bint Maaroufa) out of the mare, Mist Aana (Hallany Mistanny x Fa Aana). The tail female of this beautiful mare, traces to a small family of horses, the only sources of Hallany Mistanny blood in straight Egyptian breeding today. Hallany Mistanny is only available to Egyptian breeders today in two forms: through Julyan (influenced by the Blunt's desert bred horses) bred to Mist Aana, as we see in PR Desert Rose+ and without Julyan, through the mare Masada Saafaana (Safaddan x Mist Aana).

BLACK STRENGTH

This is the 2001 black-bay mare, Shaarbat. She was bred by the late Jay Gormley, of Jason Arabians. Her sire is the black stallion, Zarife el Mansour, a Babson-Brown stallion, meaning that he is mostly of Babson breeding, with the tail female line of Mist Aana, a daughter of the stallion, Hallany Mistanny (*Zarife x *Roda). That's the Brown part.

However, the part of the pedigree which really excites me is her dam, Bint Mah Habba. Through her tail female line, we find the mare, Fa-Habba, a daughter of *Bint Bint Sabbah.

Do you know who Fa-Habba is?

She produced the mare Falima, by *Ansata Ibn Halima, who in turn founded one of the strongest Egyptian mare families, not only at Ansata but all over the world:

THE NILE FAMILY

Yup, that's right.

I really like this mare. She is compact, substantial with big hips, she has a strong top line, a very powerful chest and shoulder, she is round and curvey like an old-time horse, she has a very nice bone structure and bred to the right kind of stallion, she has so much to offer, both genetically and phenotypically. To me, she is timeless, as if she walked right off the canvas of a painting in a museum.

Because her bloodline combination is rich in Prince Mohamed Aly Tewfik breeding, her percentage of Blunt desert breeding is low, while her Abbas Pasha percentage is very high. As compared to the newer Egyptian lines, using Shaarbat is like introducing hybrid vigor into your breeding program. You will get very strong, positive results. Recently, a mare with a similar tail female line to Shaarbat, PR Desert Rose+ won a big prize at the Kuwait National Show for her owner, Burhan Bakeer of Safari Stud. She is a beautiful mare. Just beautiful. This is only one example of what this Babson-Brown blood can do for you.

EnJoy,
Ralph

They call him Pimmy

My friend, Tzviah Idan, visited Arabians Limited in February. I spoke with Tzviah shortly after her trip and asked her which horse at the farm made the biggest impression on her?

WHICH ONE?

Tzviah was enchanted by the straight Egyptian stallion, Pimlico RCA.

"Pimlico just blew me away. His forehead is broad and the eye was so very much like *Jamilll's eye. I saw *Jamilll at the US National's in the 80's and he has remained the 'ideal' for me."

Pimlico has won many fans around the world, who appreciate his classic type, as well as his strong structural conformation, with much substance and yet, he is so elegant! The appreciation for this stallion earned him the 2004 Egyptian Event Supreme Champion stallion. In 2007, Pimlico was shown in the Region 9 championships and was named a Grand Champion Stallion. The following year, he was show in the World Cup and was named a top 5 stallion. In addition to his halter wins, Pimlico has been shown in Western Pleasure classes.

Pimlico was bred by Debra and David Geiser of Dara Meadow Farm and was purchased by Arabians Limited as a weanling. Sired by Thee Desperado and out of the mare, Bint Bint Jamil, Pimlico carries Babson blood through his dam, as she was sired by the stallion, Mohafez, an *Ibn Moniet el Nefous son out of the Babson mare Ahroufa (Ibn Fa-Serr x Bah Roufa). Ahroufa was a full sister to the beautiful bay mare, Roufah. Dr. Nagel traveled to America, to Bentwood Farm in Waco, Texas to purchase the stallion Mohafez. During this visit, Dr. Nagel saw Ansata Abbas Pasha for the first time and fell madly in love with the horse. From this visit, resulted the leasing agreement which found Ansata Abbas Pasha traveling to Germany, to be bred to mares from Katharinenhof, Babolna and Marbach studs.

The connection to the stallion, *Jamil, is through his maternal grand-dam, Sehnab. She is a *Jamil daughter out of the mare, Sabah, who was sired by Ibn Galal, out of the Alaa el Din daughter, Mahiba. The tail female line of this family goes through Mouna to Moniet el Nefous, giving Pimlico the strain of Saklawi Jedran of Ibn Sudan.

There are many photographs taken of Pimlico RCA, which are striking and powerfully convey his strong conformation and abundant Arabian Horse type. However, for me, my favorite photo is this Stuart Vesty photo, as this picture captures his very expressive face and radiates a most amazing personality. This horse, "Pimmy" as he is called, loves people and the energy projected through this photo, overwhelms me with his friendliness. No one would dare call such a majestic horse as Pimlico, "Pimmy", if he was not sweet! There is a reason for this very sweet name. This people-loving quality, while intangible, is a crucial component of Arabian Horse type, as this horse has been raised in the desert, to live safely among his people, insuring his survival and that of his breeders, the desert Bedouins. We must do whatever we can do, to preserve this quality, so it is abundantly found in our horses.

EnJoy your horses,

Ralph